Porn: ka moʻolelo o kaʻoihana kaulana

ʻOʻApelila ua hauʻoli mākou i kekahiʻano Iubile: i ka makahiki 1910 ua hoʻokuʻuʻia ke kiʻi porn German mua loa. Ua hoʻomaka pū kekahi o nāʻoihana porn nui loa o ka honua me ia, akā ua hoʻomanaʻo mākou i kēia lā malihini,ʻaʻole wale no kēia. ʻO Porn - ka moʻolelo o kaʻoihana kaulana e hahai i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ke kanaka i loko o kona moʻolelo, a he hikiʻole ke hakakā me ia, e like me ka ua a me ka hau. He aha ka mea i hala ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki: ua hoʻololi mākou i ka porn a ua hoʻololi paha iā mākou?

Kau i loko o ka diaphragm

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka lepe mua, i ka manawa ma hope iho o kona pukaʻana, ua laweʻia ka pāhahalaha i kaʻono a me ka "pōʻino," i ka makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka hōʻeaʻana o Lumiere i ke kaʻa. Ua kapaʻia kēia kiʻiʻo "Kiss," a ua hakuʻiaʻo ia ma ka 1896 e Thomas Edison pono'ī, ka mea i hana i ka inoa nona iho ma muli o nā hana e like me kaʻoihana akamai a maʻalahi. ʻO ka "film" maikaʻiʻole i hōʻike i ka maʻalahi o ke kohoʻana ma ka inoa, ka kiss oʻelua mau kiʻi Broadway -ʻo Mary Irwin lāuaʻo John Rais, nā hōkū o ka hana kaulana "Widow Jones". Ua hoʻololiʻia, e hopu i kēlā mau manawa ma ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni - aia he hōʻino i ka pono o ke aupuni. ʻO kekahi mea inaina aku i kapaʻiaʻo "Kiss"ʻaʻoleʻoi aku a hōʻemiʻoleʻia paha "he hōʻailona o ke kuko holoholona e hikiʻole i ke kanaka kūlana ke hoʻomanawanui.


I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ka pānaʻi kaulana ma ka kiʻi ma muli o keʻano o ka nānāʻana: ua hōʻikeʻia i loko o nā pahu kūikawā wale nō i komo i hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka (ka pahuhopu o nā hale kūkā o kēia manawa). ʻAe, a i loko o ka pahu kaulua o ka honua "Kiss" i hōʻiliʻili i kahi waiwai kūpono: ma Moscow ua hōʻikeʻiaʻo ia ma ka kinima Metropole no nāʻelimaʻelima, a me nā "cinematograph"ʻAmelika, uaʻokiʻia lākou no nā kumu hana hoʻopiʻi: maiʻekolu mau minuke iʻelua. ʻAe,ʻo keʻano o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou i like wale nō. ʻO ka hapanui o ia mea i nohoʻoleʻia e ka honi iho, akā, ma ka mālie haʻahaʻa o nā kāne,ʻaʻole mākou e lohe, no ka mea, e ola mau ana ke kinikani leo. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka "Arrival of the train"ʻo ia wale nō he 50 maukona wale nō, akā, ua lawa kēia no ka lehulehu e haʻalele i nā kinima mua i loko o ka hopohopo.


ʻO kaʻoihana pilau i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIX i hala, aia nō i kēia manawa ka hopena o kona uluʻana he mau hōʻailona ia o ka "mea wela" - ma keʻano o ka momona momona a me nā porn pokii - nā moʻolelo o kaʻoihana kaulana me nā hōʻikeʻike o genitals a me nā hiʻohiʻona pili. "Hoʻolālā kiʻi" wehe i ka hiki ke loaʻa kahiʻike hou loa - "ka hopena o ka nohoʻana." ʻO ka mea iʻikeʻia, ua lilo nā kiʻi i mau hana maʻamau o nāʻoihana e like me nā poʻe "ʻelua e like me ke ola" i ka nānāʻana a pau, e honi ana i ka mea nānā ma mua o ko lākou mau maka. Ma kēia hope aku,ʻo ka manaʻo kanaka kekahi mea hoʻonāukiuki'ē aʻe, a me ka hiki ke hoʻokūkū i nā mea a pau.


Ua hoʻomau kaʻoihana pīhoihoi i ka hele wāwae ma luna o ka wāwae kiʻekiʻe. I kēlā makahiki o ka makahiki 1896 ma Falani, ua weheʻia nā kiʻi mua o ka moekolohe, a ua pau nā kānaka i ka paukū i nā inoa: "Hele ka wahine i kahi moe" a me "ʻAiʻole". A i ka makahiki 1907 ka makahiki mua o ka porn e ola nei. Ua kuhiʻiaʻo El Sartorio ma'Atelika (ʻaʻole i mālamaʻia ka inoa o ka luna hoʻomalu e ka moʻolelo), a heʻano maʻalahi loa ia.ʻO ka hanaʻana o nā kaikamahine'ōloheloheʻekolu eʻauʻau ana i ka muliwai, ua hoʻopilikiaʻia e kahi diamone iʻikeʻole i kahi o ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā kaikamāhine e moe me ia. Ma ke ala, i loko o kēia kiʻi, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka loaʻa hou o kahi kamepiula "zoom" - laila e nānā i ke kaʻina hana ma nā kiko a pau. Aʻo ka hānau mua o ka wahine Kelemānia,ʻo ia ka inoa o Am Abend ("In the Evening"). I loko o ia mea, he kanaka i pee i ka keyhole no ka wahine hoʻonāukiuki, a laila ua komoʻo ia i loko o ka lumi a, e like me kā Averchenko i kākau ai, "nā mea a pau e huli!!" E like me kaʻikeʻana, mai ia manawa ua hoʻoikaika ke kahua o nā porn German i nā manaʻo no nā hiʻohiʻona.

Eia naʻe, ma mua o ka helehelena o German porn - ua mamao loa ka moʻaukala o kaʻoihana kaulana, i ka wā e hoʻomauʻia ana kaʻoniʻoni pikani e ka French-free-loving and unused French. ʻO ka inoaʻo "French film"ʻo ia nō ka hōʻailona kūpono no nā ponokala kiʻi, e like me nā "kiʻi mele kahiko" o kēia manawa.


Ka male ma nā rula a me waho

I kēia manawa, ua komo pū kekahi mau mea o ka "laikini" i loko o ka cinema nui, a no laila ua'āponoʻo ia i kona pili aloha me ka "haʻahaʻaʻano". I ka makahiki 1912, uaʻike muaʻia kaʻilima Italian "Ad Dante". Aʻaʻohe moekolohe i loko o ke kiʻi:ʻo ia ka hoʻololiʻana o ka "Divine Comedy", kahi e nānā ai ke kanaka nui i ka poʻe lawehala i loko o gehena.

ʻO American model and actressʻo Audrey Manson i lilo i wahine mua loa me "ka inoa", i'ōwiliʻia i ka maka - ma ka makahiki 1915 i ka pila "Inspiration", kahi i hoʻokaniʻo ia i keʻano nani (akā,ʻaʻole i mālamaʻia kēia kiʻi). ʻO ka hopena o kēia kaikamahine i loaʻa i ka launa a he mea weliweli loa ia: ua pepehi kāna wahine aloha i kāna wahine, a ua'āhewaʻiaʻo Audrey no ka hoʻokaumaha - aʻoiai ua pepehiʻia ua kaikamahine nei, a ua pepehiʻia ka pepehi kanaka, ua pau ka hana a Manson. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1920, uaʻikeʻo Audrey i ke kumu no ka hoʻokipaʻana a ua kauʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka haukapila psychiatric, kahi i make ai, ua poinaʻia e nā mea a pau, i ka makahiki 1996.


Ua hōʻike muaʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke aloha hoʻokahi-kāne i ka piamikani o 1919 "heʻokoʻaʻole ma mua o nā mea'ē aʻe", aʻo ka porn mua mua porn "Telegraphist", he mea kupanaha, iʻikeʻia ma hope loa - i nā makahiki 1920 i keʻano likeʻole-aloha French. A i ka makahi mua o nā wahine ma ka pākū,ʻo Marlene Dietrich ("Morocco", he kiʻi pena o ka makahiki 1930) i komo pono'ī,ʻaʻole ia he mea kupaianaha:ʻo ka akua wahineʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻoʻaʻole i hūnā i kāna wahine.

I ka makahiki 1920, no ka "kiʻi hoʻolālā" ua hoʻomaka muaʻia kekahi mau pāʻina i hoʻoiliʻia mai kekahi kiʻi i kekahi, i paʻiʻia no kaʻole, ma ke kihi hoʻokahi a me nā mea hoʻonani e like me ka lole keʻokeʻo i hoholaʻia ma ka paia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau,ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā leʻaleʻa heterosexual o kekahi kāne, he mau hoa kāne paha (ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻikeʻia e nā mea hana i kūʻole i ka pili pili kānāwai me kekahi i kekahi, akā iʻikeʻia keʻano o ka hewa). Ma kekahi hihia,ʻo kēia ka hihia ma'Europa: i loko o nā kiʻi porn muaʻAmelika ("The Trip" o 1915) ua hōʻike muaʻia kekahi hui wahine. Aʻaneʻane mai ka makahiki 1925, ua lilo ka hopena o nā kiʻi pīkalaka i kahi kokoke loa. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hōʻailona - "ka Chamber o ka Lāpule" - hiki ke nānāʻia i Prague ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ke Keʻena. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua laweʻiaʻo ia e ke kauoha pono'ī a ka Mō'ī Spanialeʻo Alfonso XIII. He moʻolelo kēia e pili ana i ke kauka i loaʻa i ka maʻi me kona mau maʻi, a ua uku kāna wahine iā ia ma ke kauʻana i kahi kauā a me kahi kaikamahine i kona manawa moe.


I loko o nā makahiki 30, i waena o nā mea hana i nā porn -ʻo ka moʻolelo o kaʻoihana kaulana iʻikeʻia heʻano no nā mea pili pono. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole waleʻo nā wāhine i'ōniʻoniʻo - e noʻonoʻo i kahi'Asia a iʻole Negro paha i pili i ka wahine keʻokeʻo,ʻaʻohe hiki i kaʻaha kanaka i kēlā manawa i ka moeʻuhane weliweli. Eia hou, me ka hana o nā kime mele maikaʻi, uaʻike nā luna o nā kiʻi pīkinokala i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana - a me ka manawa kūpono e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka mea pono maoli o nā mea kiko'ī a me nā meaʻoi aku, me ka maʻalahi o ka heleʻana o nā wili, e hoʻonele i nā mea ponoʻole.


Porn boom

ʻO nā makahiki he 50, me ko lākou "pēpē pēpē" a me ka hoihoi nui i nā leʻaleʻa o ke kino,ʻoiai i hoʻopaʻiʻia lākou no ka pono o ka lehulehu, hāʻawiʻia nā porn mele me nā manawa kūpono: ua ulu ka makemake - ua ulu ka mea i hoʻolakoʻia. Ma ka nalu o kēia ukiuki ka huahana "Playboy" - ua paʻiʻia kona huapalapala mua i ka makahiki 1953. ʻO nā pila o kēlā mau makahiki, he meaʻokoʻa loa ia i ka manawa hou: ua uhiʻiaʻo ia, ua hoʻomaka nā wāhine e komo i nā kāmaʻa'ōmaʻomaʻo, nā ukana a me nā kāmaʻa heeled kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka hulu mele. Eia kekahi,ʻo nā kaikamāhine a me nā kāne, i kapaʻoleʻia i ka inoaʻole, ua hāʻawiʻia iā lākou ka kuleana i nā laina i nā kumukūʻai. No laila,ʻikeʻia nā hōkū hōkū mua.


Akā ,ʻaʻole i laweʻia kahi mea hou i nā kiʻi ponoʻole i nā mea i paleʻoleʻia - koe wale nō ka hoʻolahaʻana o nā wikiō maʻemaʻe: i ka makahiki o ke aloha aloha a me nā pilikino piliʻole, ua hoʻokuʻu koke nā kānaka i nā hale liʻiliʻi a uaʻimi e haʻi i kēia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Malia paha,ʻaʻole i hoʻonuiʻia ka makemake i nā porn pumehana i ka mea iʻoi aku kaʻoluʻolu loa o ke ola maoli i nā wahi. He mea hōʻailona ke kiʻi kiʻi mua loa o kahiʻoluʻoluʻole o nā mea hana i hoʻokomoʻia i ka male ma mua o ka hoʻokōʻana i ka makemake nui i ka makahiki 1962 - he mele Swedish i kapaʻiaʻo "Hāhea lākou iā mākou" Mods. " Akāʻo kaʻano "no nā mākua" i hoʻolahaʻia i ka lehulehu: i ka makahiki 1969,ʻo ka mua o nā'āina a pau i hoʻokaeʻia i nā kiʻi ponokala Germany. ʻO ia kahi i hoʻomaka ai ke kumu o German porn - ka moʻolelo o kaʻoihana kaulana, a me kona Valkyries hōʻino, a me ka "wunderbar" a me ka "hilinaʻi" i hoʻopoinaʻoleʻia!


Ma mua o ka makahiki 1962, ma Berlin, ua weheʻia ka hale kūʻai mua o ka wahine, ma lalo o ka inoaʻo "Special Shop of Marriage Hygiene". ʻO kāna mea hoʻokumu, he mea maikaʻi loa, i lilo i wahine - Beata Uze. I kona wā'ōpiopioʻo ia he pailota aʻo ka wahine wahine mua, ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻolahaʻo ia i ka papa hana papalama (ʻo kona makuahine, aʻo Beata i aʻo ai e pili ana i kēia mauʻanoʻikeʻole, he kanaka kālai'ōlelo) a, ke kū'ē i ka hoʻonāukiuki lehulehu, ua hoʻomakaʻo ia e kūʻai i nā kāpena a me nā puke ma nā mea pili ma mua ma ka leka uila, a laila ma kāna pūnaewele pūnaewele. Ma mua o Beata ka lanakila o ka'ilikala kiʻi pāʻanikala a me ka weheʻana o ka pūnaewele televiola, a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o kaʻala o Berlin.


Beata Uze a me ka mea hoʻokumu o Playboy Hugh Hefner e kali ana i kekahi au hou - ka makahiki gula o porn, nā makahiki 70. ʻO ia ka manawa i panaʻia nā kiʻi moʻolelo "Deep Throat", "Behind the Green Door", "The Devil in Miss Jones". ʻO Linda Lovelace, Vanessa Del Rio, Ron Jeremy, John Holmes (hoʻokaniʻo ia i ka kiʻi "Boogie Nights") lanakila nui.
Ua komo ka hua'ōlelo "porn" i loko o ke ola o kēlā me kēia ao, e hele ana i nā "cinema" "nā mākua", i laikiniʻia ma USA i ka makahiki 1970, lilo i mea loloa - ināʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka "Taxi Driver", i paʻiʻia i ka makahiki 1976, alakaʻiʻo De Niro i ke kaikamahine i ka lā mua. i loko o ka pīniʻoniʻoni, a kāhāhā nui i kona huhū. I kēia manawa,ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā nā papa mele kiʻi ma mua o nā kūkala kiʻi i kā lākou mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i laweʻia i nāʻahaʻaina: "Decameron" na Paolo Pasolini, "The Last Tango in Paris" na Bernardo Bertolucci. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe hoʻokani pila ma keʻano porn - e like me Sylvester Stallone, iʻike muaʻia i ka nānāʻana i ka makahiki 1970 ma ka pīkī "ʻO ka hui ma ka Kitty a me ka Herd."
Akā,ʻo ka makahiki 1970,ʻo ia ka manawa o nā mea hōʻino nui loa ma kaʻoihana pana. ʻAʻole i pakele ka lanakila lanakila o keʻano i ka manaʻo o nā mea lanakila o ke olakino. I ka makahiki 1974, ua hoʻopukaʻo Larry Flynt i ka puke mua loa o ka pukeʻo Hustler, a ma ka makahiki 1978, ua'āhewaʻiaʻo ia - a lanakilaʻo ia i ka hoʻokolokolo. ʻO kāna manaʻo nuiʻo ia ka mea hoʻopiʻi hoʻopiʻi: no ke aha iʻikeʻia ai ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻiʻana mai ke kahua kaua, e hōʻike ana i ke koko a me nā kino mutilated, a me ka hōʻikeʻikeʻana i nā kino kūlohelohe - he pupule? Akā, i ka wā o ka hoʻokolokoloʻia, lele mailaʻo Flint i kahi maniac wīwī, huhū ma kaʻoiaʻiʻoʻaʻole nā ​​hustler mau hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo wale nō. Ma muli o ka hopena, ua noho paʻaʻo Larry ma kona kaʻa huila no ke ola.


Ua wehe wau i nā loio a me ka "Deep Throat",ʻo ka porn porn mua i hoʻokuʻuʻia ma nā pale nui, a hiki i kēia lā ka porn maikaʻi loa ia: me ka palena kālā he 25,000 kālā, ua loaʻa iā ia he 600 miliona. Ma nā moku'āina 23ʻAmelika, ua pāpāʻia ke kiʻi no ka hōʻike. Akā naʻe, ua pio ka mea nui loa i ka manawa o ka hōkū o ke kiʻiʻo Linda Lovelace i hōʻike aiʻo kāna kāne,ʻo Chuck Traynor, ka mea i hahau pinepine iā ia, a koi iā ia e pana,ʻo ia ke kumu kū'ē nui no nā wāhine hānai e kamaʻilio pinepine ana e pili ana i nā kiʻi ponoʻole. Ua liloʻo Linda i mea hoʻokumu o ka Women Against Pornography, akā ua makeʻo ia i loko o ka pōʻaia kaʻa i ka makahiki 2002, me ka hanaʻole i kaʻoihana lehulehu.

"Deep Throat", e like me nā kiʻi porn'ē aʻe o ka "mau makahiki gula", i kēia manawa uaʻoi aku ka hauʻoli ma mua o ke "wikiwiki wikiō" hou. ʻO ka porn kahiko ka mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo a me keʻano hoʻonāukiuki (i loko o ka "Deep Throat" a he mea hui wale nō ia e pili ana i ke kāne kogasm me nā papa hoʻolālā papa)! I ka pōkole, ua nui ka nui o nā porn porn a me nā wikiō e like me kēiaʻahaʻaina o ke kino - he paʻakikī a me keʻano hoʻokamani.


Pornstar Factory

80 a me 90 mau -ʻo ke kau o ka hoʻohui hope loa o nāʻano hōʻailona kiʻi pilikino. ʻO kēiaʻano nā mele obscene o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kaulana - mai ka "Terminator" a me "Star Wars" i "Nightmares ma ke alanui Elm." Ma nā mea'ē aʻe, ua like ka porn, "ua like nā mea a pau", ua pau nā mea a pau: preliminaries a me ejaculation. ʻAʻole ia he meaʻole ke kapaʻia ka mō'īwahine o porn i keʻano o ka huluhulu'ōpiopioʻo Jenna Jamison. Ma ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o nāʻano hoʻonaʻauao e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i ka mea nānā i ka sperm hikiʻole i ka hikiʻole - likeʻole me ka anesthesia o ka'āina no nā manawa paʻakikī. ʻO Porn, ke kauʻana iā ia iho e like me kaʻokoʻa loa, e lilo i mea hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻole i kaʻoiaʻiʻo.

Ua hoʻohanohano nuiʻia nā kiʻi pilikino o ka papa kiʻekiʻe loa, no nā makahiki he 25 i hala iho nei, aia nō i kona hōʻike pono'ī, i kapaʻia "ʻo Oscar", - AVN Awards. A loaʻa iā ia nā koho iʻoi aku ma mua o ka Oscar Cinema:ʻaʻole e uku i nā taleni hana wale nō, akā,ʻo nāʻike loea, aʻo nā mea hopeʻole,ʻaʻole ia heʻano o ka mea hana a me ka mea hoʻoponopono - aia kekahi mau koho no ka momona maikaʻi loa. nāʻano like o ka hana. ʻO Gay-porn, ka mua i loaʻa ka makana ma nā koho kūikawā, loaʻa kahi makana kūʻokoʻa - Awards GayVN.


Ke hoʻomau aku nei e hoʻokō i kahi kiʻi nui, porn i loaʻa iā ia a me nā mea i hana i kaʻenehana: no laila, ma hope o ka hopena wikiwiki o ka pōmaikaʻi (ma nāʻano a pau o ka hua'ōlelo) James Cameron "Avatar",ʻo iaʻo Larry Flint i hoʻolaha i kona manaʻo e hoʻokuʻu i ka ZB-porn mua loa. ʻO nā alakaʻi o ka hōʻani pīhoihoi i kapaʻiaʻo Tinto Brass iā ia iho. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā mea hoʻohilahila i nā mea hana ma kaʻikeʻana i ka manawa kūpono e hōʻike ai i ke kiʻi likeʻole i loko o nā mea pāʻani.

Ma loko o kona moʻolelo, pornʻaʻole nā ​​huahana i lawe waleʻia mai kahi "kaikuaʻana maikaʻi" mai, akā, he mea pū kekahi i ka lehulehu. Eia kekahi laʻana, ua hoʻohana muaʻia nā kānana no nā kiʻi pūnaewele e nā mea hana o nā porn films - he mea pono e hūnā i kaʻili hewa o nā mea'ē aʻe, a ma ka manawa like me ka huhū ma hope o ka hoʻokalaʻana, ka'ūʻana a me nā abrasions mai ka nui. ʻO nā meaʻai no ka hoʻopauʻana, mahalo nuiʻia no kona kūpono, hoʻohana mua i nā wāhine porn. No lākou, ua hoʻokumuʻia ka condom wahine iʻikeʻoleʻia. I ka makahiki 1980, i ka wā o ke kaua o nā kiʻi wikiōʻo Sony Betamax a me VHS, ua lanakila ka hopena no ka mea i puka mai nā kiʻi pīpino ma luna o VHS. A i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XX, i ka porn i lanakila ai i ka Pūnaewele, aia ma nā porn pūnaewele ka manawa i ka manawa mua e hololeʻi ana i nā wikiō wikiō no ka nānāʻana i ke kelepona.


Hiki i nā mea iʻikeʻoleʻia me nā kiʻi pokole pono'ī wale nō ke noʻonoʻo i nā "kiʻi mele kahiko" e pili nei ma mua o nā kiʻi hou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i nā manawa a pau, pono nā kiʻi pīhili e hana pono loa, e like me Georgy Selyukov, he sexologist, MD: "Ua hana mauʻiaʻo Porn i mea e hiki ai i ka mea nānā - keʻano o ke kanaka - ke hoʻokomo iā ia iho ma kahi o kekahi o nā koa a me ke aloha i ka mechanical projection projection ka hopena o ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka hoʻokipa wahine ʻO ka mea wale nō i hoʻohālike i ko mākou manawa mai ka mua mai,ʻo ia kaʻoi aʻe o ka porn ma mua o ka wā ma mua, mahalo i ka Pūnaewele. "


Eia naʻe, ināʻaʻoleʻoe e nānā i keʻano, akā, ma ka helu,ʻikeʻia paha he mea like nā pepeiao i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka XX a me ka hopena o ka XX XX century, no ka hoʻololiʻana o keʻano. Ma kēiaʻano, he pakanana ponoʻole ka porn, noʻonoʻo paha i ka hopena o kēia hopena. A he aha kāu e hoʻohui ai i ka papa hana i hoʻololiʻoleʻia ma ka moʻolelo o nā kānaka?