I ka manawa o kēlā me kēia lā, ma kaʻainaʻaina awakea, he nui nā kīʻaha a me nā pāpale e likeʻole me keʻano o keʻano a me ka nui. Akā, i ka wā e hele mai ai nā malihini iā mākou, makemake wau e lawe i kahi lawelaweʻohana mai nā papa hana, kahi e like me nāʻano o kēlā me kēia mea. A laila, lilo ka palaoaʻai i mea nani.
ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka lawelaweʻana i ka papaʻaina mai ka wā kahiko a hiki i ko kākou mau lā, hoʻomaka i ka 2000 makahiki i hala. I ka wanaʻao o kēia au e hoʻopukaʻia ai ka porinele China. Makemake lākou i kaʻaiʻana i nā meaʻai i nā meaʻai, i lawelaweʻia ma nā papa keʻokeʻo i hoʻopauʻia, i kāhikoʻia me nā moʻolelo o ka moʻolelo o ka wā kahiko. A i ka hukiʻana i kaʻa mai nā kīʻaha nani. No ka manawa lōʻihi ua mālama ponoʻia lākou mai ka poʻe e noho kokoke mai ana i ka mea kupua kupanaha o china. Ma ka'āina kahiko oʻAigupita a me Mesopotamia hoʻi i piʻi aʻe me ka manaʻo e hanaʻia nā hua lāʻau i uhiʻia. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia lākou i nā mea hou i kēia manawa. No ka hanaʻana, ua hoʻohanaʻia nā mea like no ka hanaʻana i ka porinela, a me kahiʻano likeʻole. ʻO kaʻokoʻa wale nō i ka lakene o nā māhele.
I ka Europa,ʻo ka mea iʻikeʻia ma ka Hikina no ka wā lōʻihi,ʻaʻohe mea makemake nui. Ua hanaʻia nā pā i loko o ka lepo, ka lāʻau, ke kila. I ka Makahiki Ma waena, ua hāʻawi like nā kānaka i nā kuʻi likeʻole, a uaʻai kaʻohana a pau. I kekahi manawa, ua hana nui nā pāʻani -ʻo ka mea waiwai - i nā'āpana berena. Hāʻawi pinepine lākou i nā meaʻeleʻele a me nā'āpana iʻa. Akā, i ka Renaissance ma nā hale paʻa, ua hiki keʻike i nā papa pākahi i nā papa. Hoʻonuiʻia i ka ulu a me ka hanaʻana i nā mea hanaʻoihanaʻoihana. Ua ho'āʻo nuiʻia nā Italia, i hoʻouluʻia e nā hana a nā haku Moorish, nā mea i uhi i nā hua'enera me ka poli.
A ma nā kenekulia 17 a me 18, mahalo i ka loaʻaʻana o nā ala moana hou, uaʻikeʻia nā meaʻona i waho o'Europa: kahi, kafe, koko. Ua makemake lākou i nā lakohana kūikawā: nā kīʻaha nani, nā mea a me nā kīʻaha. Ua lawe koke nā kālepa i ka mea maika makamae mai nā'āina hikina a kūʻai aku i Europa no ka kālā nui. Uaʻike wikiwiki nā mea hoʻolaha o ka nani i ka maikaʻi o ka mahalo i kaʻaina ahiahi no nā meaʻoihanaʻoihana mai kēia mea. A i ka hopena, ua makemake lākou e hana ia mea ma o lākou iho.
I ka manawa i konoʻia ai e kohoʻia ka mea koho o ke aupuniʻo Sakena Augustus Strong i ka loiloiʻo Johann Betger. Ua'ōleloʻia kēia kanaka hoʻokele e wehe i ke ala e hana ai i ke gula. ʻAʻole i aʻoʻia e ka mea hoʻomanamana mauna e huki i kēia kola. Akā, ma muli o keʻano o ka Kina, ua piʻiʻo ia me kahi meaʻai no ka hana porine mai kaolin. ʻO Kaolin he lepoʻeleʻele'ilika, kahi i hoʻonuiʻia i ka feldspar me ka mica keʻokeʻo, a me ka quartz a me ke one.
Pono wau e'ōlelo aku,ʻaʻole i emi ka waiwai o ka porcela hikina ma mua o ke gula. 'Akake Uaʻike wikiwikiʻo ia i ka waiwai o kēia mea i hanaʻia. A i ka makahiki 1710 ua kauohaʻia e kūkulu ma lalo o ka hale hana porcelain Dresden Meissen, a lilo i kaulana kaulana. I ka hoʻomaka, ua pena nā pena kiʻi Sākona i nā huahana ma keʻano o kaʻaoʻao. Akā, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonani me nā mea nani a me nā kiʻi - nā'āina, nā mea huli a me nā nani'ē aʻe. He mea maʻalahi kēia mau hana akamai! Akā, he nui ka noi no lākou. Loaʻa nā kānaka waiwai,ʻoiai nā mō'ī mai nā wahi a pau o'Europa,ʻaʻole i kauohaʻia nā mea pākahi, akā nā pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa no ka nui o nā poʻe. ʻO nā lumiʻaina likeʻole, kaʻaina, nā kola kope. No laila, he hana maʻamau ka lawelaweʻana i nā papaʻaʻahu i kēlāʻanoʻano. Ma ke ala, i Russia ka hōʻiliʻili nui loa o ka porcelain Meissen i ohiʻia e Count Sheremetev. Hiki iāʻoe keʻike hou aku i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka'āinaʻo Kuskovo.
I Palani, i kēia manawa, ua hoʻopihaʻia nā hoʻokolohua. Ma hope o ke kenekulia 16, uaʻikeʻo Saint-Porscher i ka hanaʻana i ka hana, me ka hoʻokaniʻana i nā kāmera Italia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he wahi liʻiliʻi o ka Farani iā ia a hāʻawiʻia e ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Faenza i Italia. Akā, ma kēia mau hopena,ʻaʻole i ho'ōki ka poʻe laikini. A ma muli o ka hopena haipule i ke one, ka paʻakai, ka lepo a me ka gypsum i ka makahiki 1738, ua loaʻa i ka mea i kapaʻia he pīnele liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole nō i loko o ka pelekane ma loko, no laila uaʻikeʻia he "maopopo loa", ma mua o ke kūpaʻa,ʻaʻole i keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a me kaʻaila. ʻO nāʻoihana Sevres (i kēlā me kēia, ma ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Sevres) ua hakakā maikaʻi me nā Kina a me nā Sākona. ʻAʻole waleʻo ia wale nō ma muli o konaʻano maikaʻi, akā, no keʻano o kāna hana maʻamau. Ua hoʻokumu nā haku Palani i nā papahana o nāʻano likeʻole a me nā lau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua like ka ipu e like me ka lauʻohi. Saucema - melon. ʻO kaʻaila - ka puaʻaʻalaʻala. ʻO ka mea kūpono he pineapa!
Ma nā kenekulia XV XVI. ʻO nā kūlana i ka hanaʻana i nā hana i hanaʻia i ka Dutch. ʻO nāʻoihana hana ma Delft ka hua nui o nā kīʻaha maikaʻi. A ma kēia manawa ua hoʻomakaʻia kēia mau mea kani i nā kānaka me ka awelika o ka loaʻa kālā. Eia naʻe, no ka nui o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i kona hoʻonohonoho porcelain,ʻaʻole i emi loa ka makemake no lākou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hōʻike lākou i ke ola maikaʻi a me ka kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā mea nona ka'āina. Uaʻikeʻia nāʻoihana Porcelain i'Europa ma kēlā me kēia. ʻAʻoleʻo Rūsia i hāʻule ma hope o nā hoahana o ka Honua. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1746,ʻikeʻo Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov i ka'ikekino loea. ʻO Lomonosov Porcelain Factory, i hoʻonohonohoʻia e ke kauoha a ka Mō'ī Elizabeth Petrovna, ua liloʻo ia i mea hakakā kūʻono i nāʻoihana Pākehā. Ma mua o ke kipi, aiaʻo ia i loko o ka waiwai aliʻi a maikaʻi loa ma lalo o Catherine the Great. Ua kauohaʻo ia me ka lokomaikaʻi i nā papa hana kūikawā, a ua heluʻia kekahi o lākou i hoʻokahi tausani mau mea! A ma ke kenekulia XIX he nui nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi loa - aia ma ka'āina Gzhel.
Ma ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia XIX, ua ulu ka setena o nā kīʻaha ma nā papa o nā hale waiwai o'Europa i ka palena. Ma mua o kēlā me kēia malihini ma luna o ka kapa kapaʻaʻahu, aia ma ka parade, nā papa he nui no nā snacks, ka mua, ka lua, ka saladi, ka meaʻai, nā hua. ʻAʻole kēia e helu ana i nāʻano kalo oheiler, nā pahu pahu, nā kīʻaha, nā milkmaids, nā kīʻaha, nā kīʻaha kīʻaha, nā kīʻaha no ka'ati.
ʻAʻole paha he mea hou aʻe e hana ... ua hanaʻia nā mea a pau! Akā nō i ko mākou mau manawa e mau ana kaʻoihana. ʻO ke kumu, mahalo i nā mea hou, e makemake ana e hoʻolauleʻa i kaʻai a kā lākou mau haku. Ua hoʻokomo lākou i kahi kīnaha i kapaʻia -ʻo kahi pāpale nui "no ka lawelaweʻana", me kahi nani nani i penaʻia, kahi e waihoʻia ai nā papa me nā papa mua a me kaʻelua. Hoʻokumu pū nā Restaurateurs i ka manaʻo e "hoʻopaʻa" nā mea a pau, e mālama ponoʻia. Inā hoʻokomo ponoʻia lākou i kekahi i kekahi, a laila, ua emi ka wili o ka wāwahiʻana i ka wā e lawe aiʻoe i ka mauna o nā kīʻaha i loko o kou lima. A eia hou, he mau mea hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi ka hana pinepine i ka hana o nā lawelawe hou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo nā mea lawaiʻa loa i hikiʻole keʻoki wale i kahi pahu no ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu, akā, he meaʻoihana paha! ʻO kēia moʻolelo me ka hoʻonohonoho papa e like me ka hoʻomanaʻoʻanaʻo ia ka mea momona nui loa iʻoi aku kaʻoluʻolu inā e hoʻonaniʻia ka papaʻaina i nā meaʻono.
Mai ia manawa ua loaʻa iā mākou nāʻoihana i lilo i mau leka:
- "Ke lawelawe me kahi'ōmole'ōmaʻomaʻo", i hanaʻia no 50 mau kānaka a nona nā 994 mau mea. Ua hanaʻia e ka mea hana Palekaneʻo Wedgwood no Catherine the Great a ua mālamaʻia ma ka Hermitage, ma St. Petersburg. Hoʻopiliʻia nā huahana a pau me nāʻano'āina, i mahalo ai ka mō'īwahine a me kona mau kāpuni i nā ululāʻau, nā'āina a me nā hale aliʻi oʻEnelani. Ma ke ala, ua palekana o kēia nani a pau iʻelua mau pioʻana: i ka makahiki 1917 a me ka makahiki 1945.
-ʻO Kendlerʻo "Swan lawelawe" i hanaʻia ma ka kenekulia 18 ma ka Hui Kuhi Meissen a he 2200 mau mea maikaena. Hoʻonaniʻia lākou me nā kiʻi hoʻolālā o nā meaola a pau e noho ana i loko o ka wai.
- "ʻO ka lawelaweʻana a Mō'īwahine Victoria", i hanaʻia e kahi hanaʻo Herend, ua kapaʻiaʻo ia ma muli o ka mō'īwahine Pelekane. Mai ka wā o ka Hōʻikeʻike o ka Honua i ka makahiki 1851, ua hoʻokipaʻiaʻo ia ma kāna kiʻi maʻalahi me nā huapalapala lele.
- Kūkulu ka mea kaulana loa o ka porinelain Lūkia - "Guryevsky" ("Russian") - i hanaʻia i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ke kenekulia XIX. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mea i mālamaʻia ma Peterhof. Kapaʻiaʻo ia no ka leo o DA. ʻO Guryeva ka mea nāna i alakaʻi kaʻoihana alakaʻi. Hanaʻia kaʻoihana me nā miniatures i hanaʻia e like me nā kahakaha a me nā puke e hōʻike ana i keʻano a me ka hana o nā poʻe o Rusia. A ua lawe pūʻia ka manaʻo o nā kūlanakauhale likeʻole a me nāʻanoʻano likeʻole.