ʻO ka hapalua o ke kenekulia 15 ka lanakila o ka'Ottoman ma'Europa, nui nā paio i loko o ka pūʻali koa, a ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻopauʻiaʻana o nāʻoihanaʻoihana,ʻo ia hoʻi ka hāʻuleʻana o ka waina i Italia. I loko o kēia wā, ua mālama nuiʻia ka waina i loko o nā monasalima a me nā kau'āina. Ua hana nuiʻia ka waina i mea kūʻai aku i loko o ka'āina a hoʻohana pono.
Ma mua o ka nui o nāʻano waina i ulu i Italia, ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 20 i mālamaʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana o kaʻenehana i ka wā e hana ai i nā māla waina a me ka hana waina. A i ka hapalua o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, hiki ke kūkulu 'ana i nā meaʻona waina ma Italia i ke ala o ka hana' ana i nā waina no ka lawe 'ana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomoʻia nāʻenehana hou hou i ka'āina, a ma muli o ka hopena, ua ulu nui kaʻoihana waina. I kēia manawa i ka hakakā no ka inoa o ka'āina waina nui, ua liloʻo Italia i mea kūpono kūpono i Farani. ʻOiai e hoʻomaopopoʻia he wainaʻeleʻele Italian kahiko a me nāʻano kuʻuna - heʻanoʻokoʻa loa.
Ma kēlā me kēia māhele o ka'āina, aia nā māla waina pono'ī e pili ana i ka'āina, i ulu wale ma kēia wahi. Eia naʻe,ʻo nāʻano nui, hiki keʻikeʻia he'āina,ʻo iaʻo Sangiovese. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kaʻano Sangiovese ka meaʻono a me kaʻono, ka meaʻala o nā huaʻulaʻula a me nā violets. Mai kēiaʻano, ua huaʻia ka wainaʻulaʻula kaulana loa -ʻo Chianti kēia. Hiki iā ia ke maʻalahi, maʻalahi, a hiki ke loaʻa ka hoʻomanawanui, e lilo i mea waiwai a waiwai.
ʻO ka waina Italia Italian i pau i nāʻala a me nāʻeke no nā makahiki he nui ma mua o ka liloʻo Chiantiʻoiaʻiʻo. I ko mākou manawa, kū kēia mau mea hoʻohāinu waina ma nāʻala lāʻauʻoka. I ka manawa o ka mālamaʻana, hanaʻia ia i kahi kaʻina hoʻopunipuni -ʻekolu manawa i ka makahiki mua, a laila i kēlā me kēia mahinaʻeono. Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hiki ke pale i ka waina o ka wai. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻopihaʻiaʻo Chianti i loko o nā kola baila-kūlaʻiʻelua (liter). Ua pono ka pale kaua no ka haʻalulu o nāʻili. Ua hoʻopaʻaʻia kēlā mauʻeke me ka lepo lepo, ma mua o ka hoʻonāʻana i kaʻailaʻaila ma kaʻaila. I kēia manawa,ʻo kēlā mauʻaila i hoʻopaʻaʻia he paʻa maikaʻi ia no nā huakaʻi huakaʻi.
Ua māheleʻiaʻo Chianti iʻelua mauʻano nui:
1 Nānā -ʻaʻohe kūlana kūpono,ʻaʻole i mālama nuiʻia kēia waina no ka wā lōʻihi, ua inu ia no nā makahikiʻelua ma hope o kaʻikeʻia ma ka mākeke.
2 Riserva - hiki wale kēia waina i nā makahiki maikaʻi wale nō a no ka hiki mai o nā hua mai loko mai o nā māla maikaʻi loa. Heʻelemakule no nā makahikiʻelua.
Ua puniʻo ka papa waina me nā kānaka no kahi makahiki hoʻokahi. He nui nā kauka i nā manawa kahiko i manaʻoʻia he waina e pono ai no ke olakino a kohoʻia kona hōʻailona ma nā maʻi likeʻole. I ko mākou manawa, uaʻae ka poʻeʻepekema i kēia manaʻo o ka poʻe kahiko. Ke laʻana, ua manaʻoʻia ka wainaʻona maikaʻi loa no ka mea o loko o loko o ka nui o nā tannins. Akā ua'ōlelo pinepine nā kānakaʻepekema a me nā kauka no ke kūpono o ka waina - no nā kāneʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua oʻekolu aniani i ka lā, a no nā wāhine he hoʻokahi wale no ke aniani. A no ka mea,ʻo ka waina ka maikaʻi loa.
He aha ka waina mai kahi eʻike ai i kaʻepekema he 80% o ka wai maʻemaʻe wai, mai ka 8 a 15% o ka waiʻona i loaʻa i loko o ka pāpaʻa, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe a pau i loko o nā liʻiliʻi o nā meaola lāʻau, palolo, glucose, mea kanu phenolic, meaʻaʻala. ʻO nāʻaila nui a me nā tannins, nā esters, nā aldehydes, nā paʻakai kohuke, nā amino acids, nā protein a me nā huameʻa, nā māmā (manganese, zinc, rubidium, fluoride, vanadium, iodine, alina, cobalt, potassium, phosphorus) nui.
E like me kā mākouʻikeʻana i loko o kahi lumi hoʻokipa Italian Italian
aia ka waina i nāʻano meaola likeʻole. Akā,ʻo ka mea nui loa,ʻo ka pilina o nāʻano likeʻole o ia mea. Ua hoʻohanaʻia nā lāʻauʻona me ka waina i nā keʻena ma Europa kahi kokoke iʻelua mau kenekulia, a i Rusia, hoʻomaka kēia hana i ka hapalua o ka makahikiʻumikumamāiwa. ʻO kaʻoihana maʻamau i ka laweʻana i ka wainaʻulaʻula no nā pilikia me ka'ōpū, anemia, beriberi. Inā pilikia kekahi kanaka i ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai, hāʻawiʻiaʻo ia i nā waina keʻokeʻo a i ka champagne, a inā he pneumonia ia a maʻamau maʻamau, hāʻawiʻiaʻo ia i ka wainaʻewa.
Aia kekahi'ōlelo: "ʻO ka ipu mua e pili ana i ka make wai,ʻo ka lua - i ka leʻaleʻa, ke kolu - i ka leʻaleʻa, ka hā - i ka huhū". He mea nui kēia e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, maikaʻi nā mea a pau i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa, akā, e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka waina.
Aia kekahi mau kānāwai kūikawā no ka hoʻohana a me ka mālamaʻana o ka wainaʻulaʻula Italian i kaulana. Hoʻopiliʻia nā waina a pau i kahi mau mahana e waiho ana i nā pūnaewele pilikino. Mai laila mai i loaʻa ai ma mua o ka lawelaweʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka waina i loko o ke kīʻaha o ke aniani aniani a iʻole i loko o ka'ōmole. Pono ka waina "e hoʻomaha iki" ma mua o ka mea i loko o ka aniani, no laila e weheʻia kaʻeleʻele i hoʻokahi hola ma mua o kaʻaina awakea.
I nā kīʻaha likeʻole i ka papaʻaina ahiahi ua lawelaweʻia nā waina. Hiki i kaʻili waina kele i nāʻanoʻokoʻa likeʻole, mai ke koko-koko i ka'ōniʻomaʻa lahilahi. Pono ke kīʻaha waina ma ka lumi mahana a i kekahi manawa paha e mahanahana. Inā ua maloʻo ka waina, a laila i ka wā wela keʻoluʻoluʻia, a laila lilo i mea maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā wainaʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi kekahi loko nui o ke kō. No laila, ua pili like lākou i nā kīʻaha nui, hoʻonāukiuki lākou i kaʻai a me ka malu o ka meaʻai o ka pā. Inā hahaiʻoe i nā rula, a laila hoʻohanaʻia ka wainaʻulaʻula i kaʻiʻo, ke kīkeʻa, kuihi, a pāʻani paha. ʻO nā wainaʻulaʻula maikaʻi e pono ai no ka papaʻa. Inā loaʻa ka wainaʻulaʻula i loko o ka'ōmole, hiki ke waihoʻia i kahi mālie ma ka plugʻana i ka mea pani. ʻAʻole pono ka friʻai no ka waina. No laila,ʻo ka papaʻaina he mea kupaianaha a keu kahiko. Inā hoʻohana ponoʻoe, eʻoluʻoluʻoe i ia mea.