ʻO ka maʻiʻaʻohe he maʻi chromosomal,ʻo ia hoʻi. i ka hānauʻana, loaʻa kahi keiki chromosome i kahi keiki, ma kahi o ka 46 maʻamau, he 47 mau chromosoma ke keiki. ʻO ka hua'ōleloʻo "syndrome" keʻano o nā hōʻailona, nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. ʻO kēia mea iʻikeʻia no ka manawa mua e ke kauka maiʻEnelani John Down i ka makahiki 1866, no laila ke inoa o ka maʻi,ʻoiaiʻaʻole i maʻi loa ke kauka, e like me ka nui o nā manaʻo kuhihewa. No ka manawa mua, ua hōʻikeʻia kahi maʻiʻepekema Pelekānia e like me ka maʻi o ka naʻau. I ka makahiki 1970, no kēia kumu, ua pili ka maʻi i ka hoʻokalakupua. Ma Nazi Kelemana, pēlā lākou i luku aku ai i nā meaʻuʻuku. Ma mua a hiki i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 20, ua nui nā manaʻo o keʻano o kēia kaheʻana:
Ka pilina ma waena o ka hānauʻana o kekahi keiki maʻi a me ka makahiki o kona makuahine (ʻoi aku ma mua o 35 mau makahiki);
Hōʻike ka maʻi i kahi wale iho me kahi pilina o nāʻano pilikino a pilikino;
ʻO ka mea mamao loa i ka manaʻoʻoiaʻiʻoʻo kēia maʻi ka hopena me kahi trauma hānau.
Mahalo i ka loaʻaʻana o nāʻenehana hou eʻaeʻia ai ka poʻeʻepekema e aʻo i ka mea i kapaʻia he karyotype (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi chromosome seto chromosome i loko o nā pūʻulu kino kanaka), ua lilo i mea hiki ke hōʻoia i ke ola o kahi anomaly o chromosomes. Ma ka makahiki 1959, ua hōʻoia ka geneticist mai Farani, Ierome Lejeune, he maʻi kēia maʻi no ke kumu o ka 21st chromosome (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi kino o ka chromosome i loko o ka chromosoma o ka'ōpū - ua loaʻa i ke keiki he 21 chromosome mai ka makuahine a makua paha). I ka hapanui o ka manawa, hiki i ka Down syndrome ka hopena o nā keiki i kūpono i kaʻelemakule o nā mākua, a me nā keiki hou i loaʻa i nā maʻi o kēia maʻi. Wahi a nāʻike loea o kēia wā,ʻikeʻole ka lono a me nā kumu'ē aʻe i waho i kēia kumu. Eia kekahi, e like me ka noiʻi,ʻo ka makuakāne o kahi keiki iʻoi aku ma mua o 42 makahiki, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonā i kahi maʻi i loko o kahi keiki hou.
I mea eʻike mua ai i ka loaʻaʻana o ka maʻi maʻi i loko o ka wahine hāpai me ke keiki me kahiʻinoʻole o ka chromosomal, i kēia mau lā, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona, akā,ʻaʻole loa ia he mea maʻamau no ka wahine a me kāna pēpē hope.
Ua manaʻoʻiaʻo Aminocentesis kekahi o nā ho'āʻo kūpono loa no ka hoʻoholoʻana i kēia maʻi. Hanaʻia ia ma keʻano o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i ka wai e puka mai ai ka hānai. ʻO ka proba o ka hopena pololei - 99.8%.
ʻO ka biopsy Chorionic e pili ana i nāʻano keʻeke o ka noiʻiʻana, i ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā mea hana i loko o ka'ōpū o ka wahine hāpai e hōʻiliʻili i nā kumuhana kahi e loaʻa ai ka hopena. ʻO ka pilikia o ka hāʻuleʻana me nā haʻawina likeʻole he 1%, akā aia nō ia.
Pono e hoʻohanaʻia kēiaʻano diagnostics i ka manawa o kekahi o nā mākua i ka wānana mua i ka maʻi me kēia maʻi.
I nā hihia maʻamau, hāʻawiʻia nā wāhine hāpai i ka nānāʻana,ʻo ia ka ho'āʻoʻana i ke koko a me ka ultrasound. ʻAʻole hiki i nā hopena o kēia haʻawina ke'ōlelo e hikiʻole i kāu pēpē ke loaʻa i kēia maʻi, akā hōʻike lākou i ka hikiʻana o ia maʻi, inā he nui, a laila hiki iāʻoe ke'āpana i nāʻano hōʻeha.
Loaʻa i ka mea i kapaʻia he "hoʻolālāʻekolu", i ka manawa e hāʻawiʻia ai ka wahine hāpai i ka ho'āʻoʻana i ke koko no 3 mau hōʻailona:ʻo ka gonadotropin chorion, ka liberriorio free and alpha-fetoprotein. Akā, e like me ka hōʻikeʻana o nā mea hou nei,ʻaʻole kēia hōʻikeʻike lāʻau e hōʻike i nāʻano pilikino o ka'ōpiopio. No laila, he mea maʻalahi loa kēia ho'āʻoʻana no nā wāhine hāpai a pau.
E like me ka hōʻikeʻana i nā hōʻike,ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēiaʻanoʻike no kaʻikepili. No ka hoʻonaninani maʻamau aʻoi loa, hiki i kahi kauka lapaʻau ke hōʻike i ka pilikino o ka pēpē (akā, mai hoʻopoina paha e hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo i nā hewa mai ke kūlana maʻamau ināʻikeʻia nā'ōuli o nā'ōpū -ʻo ia ka 10-14 mau wiki o ke kau).
ʻO ke ala kūpono loa e hoʻoholo ai i kahi chromosome keu i loko o ke keiki hānauʻo ia ke kānana i ke koko o kahi wahine hāpai (e hiki i ka hebedoma hebedoma) no nā mea i kapaʻia he '"marker biochemistry," he'ānanaʻana no kekahiʻano pilina. No ka mea,ʻo kahi wahine hāpai i kona koko, aia kekahi hapa o nā pūnaewele o ke keiki i hānauʻoleʻia -ʻo kēia hōʻailona he hoʻokahi haneri hanene. Ma muli o keʻano kūikawā o kaʻimi noiʻi waiwai, hoʻohanaʻia kēia alahana ma nā kikowaena diagnostics wale nō ma nā kūlanakauhale nui, e like me Moscow a me St. Petersburg. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi, kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale a pau o Rūsia aia nā clinics clinics, nā lawelawe kahi hiki i nā kāne ke loaʻa i nā diagnostics a eʻike i nā wānana e pili ana i nā genetics o kā lākou keiki hānauʻole.
Ma keʻano he kumuʻole ka hopena o nā mea iʻikeʻoleʻia ma ka hoʻomohalaʻana o ke keiki, he mea pono e hōʻoia i ka nohoʻana o ka wahine hāpai me ka mālama pono i nā wā mua o ka'ōpū. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ma ko mākou'āina ua hanaʻia nā mea a pau ma ka hopena,ʻo ka nui loa o ka hana a hiki i ka hopena o ka'ōpū a hoʻomaka e hana pū me nā kauka wale nō i ka manawa o ka haʻaleleʻana i ka makuahine,ʻo ia ka hewa nui. E like me ka mea i'ōlelo muaʻia,ʻo ka hōʻeha o ka hānauʻana o kahi keiki i kahi maʻi maʻi ka uluʻana i ka makahiki o ka wahine, e like me nā wāhine he 39 makahiki, hiki i ka hānauʻana o ia keiki he 80 a hiki i ka 80. E like me kaʻike hou, nā kaikamāhine i hāpai ma mua o ka 16 o nā makahiki, ua hoʻonui nui loaʻia ka heluna o ia mau hihia ma ko mākou'āina a me'Europa. E like me ka hōʻikeʻana o nā hōʻike hou,ʻo nā wāhine i loaʻa nāʻano huaʻaila ma mua i ka manawa mua o ka hāpaiʻana, he kūlana haʻahaʻa loa ia no ka loaʻaʻana o kahi keiki me kekahiʻano pilikino.
Ināʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā hoʻolālā hoʻolālā aʻike i ke kūlana o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i kēia maʻi i loko o kahi keiki hānau, pehea lā e hiki ai iāʻoe keʻike i kēia mau hōʻailona ma hope o ka hānauʻana o ke keiki? Ma hope koke iho o ka hānauʻana o ke keiki, e like me kānaʻikepili kino, hiki i ke kauka ke hoʻoholo inā loaʻa iā ia kēia maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻomakaʻana e manaʻo e hiki i kēia maʻi ke keiki ma nāʻaoʻao penei:
Wahi a nā hualoaʻa o ka nānāʻana, inā he wahi kahi e hiki ai, a aia kekahi kiʻi kūponoʻole e pili ana i ka hopena o nā maʻi o ka'ōpiopio;
Nāʻike mai nā moʻolelo pilikino a nā mākua - inā loaʻa i kekahi o lākou, aiʻole nāʻohana o kaʻohana (kēia mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i nā kauka i loko o ka haukapila);
Ka nānāʻana i ke keiki no nā pilikia olakino
E hōʻoia a hōʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi i ka diagnostics i nā'ōpiopio e hoʻoholo i ke koko, e hōʻike pololei i ka hikiʻana o nā meaʻino i loko o ke kākākā.
I loko o nā kamaliʻi, me kēia mau "hōʻailona mua," hiki keʻikeʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa (ʻoiai ua hoʻomākaukauʻia nā hopena), hiki i kekahi keʻike i ka hoʻololiʻana i nā hōʻailona kino:
ʻO ka mea mua,ʻo kēia "pāpale lewa", i hoʻoholoʻia i 90% o nā hihia;
Ka hanaʻana i kaʻiliʻili i ka'ā'ī, ka mea iʻole i loko o nā kamaliʻi liʻiliʻi - e like paha me 80%;
Nā lālā liʻiliʻi;
Nā pōʻino niho;
ʻO ke poʻo, a me ka maka;
Wahi mau i ka waha, no ka uluʻana o ka palale;
ʻO keʻano o nā keiki (ʻo ke keiki e like ia me ka Lunamaka'āinana o ka lāhui Mongoloid);
ʻO ka pīpī pua
Akā,ʻaʻole kēia ka hōʻailona kino o kēia maʻi. Ma hope o ka wā a me ko lākou ola a pau, ua hoʻopilikiaʻia kēia poʻe e ka loheʻana, kaʻike, ka noʻonoʻo, kaʻehaʻeha o ka'ōpū o ka maʻi, ka hoʻomaha hope, a pēlā aku. I kēia lā, i ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i ka hala o nā kenekulia hope loa, uaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hikiʻana o nā keiki me Down's Syndrome. Mahalo i nāʻoihana kūikawā, nā papahana i hoʻolālā nuiʻia, a me ka mea nui loa i ke aloha a mālama, hiki i kēia mau keiki ke noho me nā kānaka kūikawā a me ka ulu mauʻana, akā naʻe, he hana nui a hoʻomanawanui kēia.
Ināʻoe e hoʻolālā i kahiʻohana, e ho'āʻo i ka neʻeʻana, e hana i nā noiʻi a pau a me kāu kāne i hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hānauʻana o nā keiki olakino. E malama i kou olakino! I kēia manawa uaʻikeʻoe inā e hiki keʻikeʻia ma lalo o ka Down syndrome i hope koke iho o ka hānauʻana o ke keiki.