Hoʻopili kaʻili i ka lewa i loko o ka pahu, kahi e māhele ai i nā lālā o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (bronchi) e hāʻawi i ka ea i nā mumū. Hoʻopiliʻia,ʻo ke kelepona he kikowaena e emi iho ana nā kāpili e hōʻea i nā māhele a pau o ke akemāmā. Hoʻopau lākou i nāʻekeʻeleʻele microscopic, a me nāʻano o ka pulupulu. Aia ma loko o kēia mau kinikini liʻiliʻi e hoʻololiʻia ke kūpaʻa kino ma waena o ka makani a me ke koko. ʻO kaʻaoʻao'ōmahe a me ka hohonu o ka'ōmahe hohonu ke kumu o ka mea.
Loaʻa
Hoʻomaka ka trachea mai ke kālepa cricoid, aia ma lalo o ke larynx, a iho i loko o ka umauma. Ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka sternum, pau ka pae, a māhele i nā lālāʻelua - ka'ākau a me ka hema. ʻO ka trachea he mea fibrohelstic ikaika ia me ke kaulahao o nā kāmele kīpiliʻole o ke kālepa hyaline. ʻO kahi maʻamau o ke kanaka makua (e pili ana i 2.5cm ke anawaena), aʻo nā keiki liʻiliʻi heʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi (e pili ana i kahi penikala ke anawaena). ʻO ka hapa hope loa o ka tracheaʻaʻole kahi kākoʻo cartilaginous. Aia i loko o nā'ōpūʻeleʻele a me nā māmā. ʻO kēia māhele o ke alahele e pili ana i ka esophagus ma hope pono'ī. ʻO ka huliʻana ma ka'āpana'āpana he apo hāmama. ʻO ka epithelium (loko o loko) o ka trachea he mau pūnaewele kīʻaha e hūnā ana i ke kīpili ma luna o kaʻili, a me ka cilia microscopic, a, ma o nā neʻeʻana i hoʻohuiʻia, hopu i nā lepo lepo a hoʻokuke iā lākou mai ka laumāmā i ka larynx. Ma waena o ka epithhelium a me ke kinikoki kāpili ka pae o nā mea pili i loko o nā koko liʻiliʻi a me nā kīpili lymph, nā aʻa a me nā poʻemaka e hua ai i nā wai wai ma ka lumen o ke trachea. Ma ke kula, he nui kekahi mau laikini hoʻopiʻi e hāʻawi iā ia i ka loli. Ke hoʻomauʻia nei ka lālā o ke poʻo nui, e hana ana i kahi lāʻau kūpona i kapaʻia, e lawe ana i ka ea i nā wahi a pau o ka'ōpū. ʻO ka mea ma mua, ua māheleʻia ka bronch ma luna o ka pulupili lau, kahiʻekolu ma ka'ākau'ākau, aʻelua ma ka'ākau hema. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ea i kekahi o nā lobes o ka'ōpū. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka pale lobar i mea liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi i ka ea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kaha.
Ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka maʻi
ʻO keʻano o ka bronchi e like me keʻano o ke kaʻina. He palupalu a maʻalahi lākou, aia i loko o ko lākou mau paia ka cartilage, a'ōwiliʻia kaʻili me ka epithelium maʻi. Loaʻa iā lākou he mau puʻupuʻu paʻakikī, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ka loli o ke anawaena.
Bronchioli
Ma loko o nā'āpana bronchopulmonary, e hoʻomauʻia ka lālā. Me kēlā me kēia lālā, ua liʻiliʻi ke kūmā, a me ka'āpana'āpana o ka'āpana. ʻO Bronchi, he'elā i loko o ka liʻiliʻi o 1 mm, ua kapaʻia he bronchioles. Mai nā kukui nui nui, he likeʻole nā bronchioles iʻole i loko o ko lākou mau paia nā kāleti a me nā pūlime slime i loko o ka paia o loko. Eia nō naʻe, me ka bronchi, loaʻa iā lākou nā kaulaʻoi. ʻO ke kūlou hou aʻe e alakaʻi i ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o nā bronchioles kūlohelohe, a ma keʻano like, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā'ōlohelohe hāmaho liʻiliʻi loa. Hoʻokomoʻia nā'ōlohelohe o ka momona no ka mea e kamaʻilio pololei lākou me ka lumen o kekahi alveoli. Eia nō naʻe, haʻalele lākou i nā hua mai nā'ūpili alveolar, e hoʻopiliʻia mai nā'ōlohelohe hoʻolālā.
ʻO Alveoli
ʻO Alveoli he mau kīʻaha liʻiliʻi loa me nā paia lahilahi. Ke hana nei ka hui kala i loko o ia mau mea. Ma o nā paia o ka alveoli e komo ka oxygen mai ka makani i loko o ka pulmonary holo ma waena o ka hoʻopiliʻana, aʻo ka hopena hopena o ka hoʻomahaʻana, carbon dioxide, ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i waho me ka ea. ʻO nā kino o nā kānaka i loko o nā haneli miliona o alveoli, i hui pūʻia he mahele nui (e pili ana i 140 m2), lawa no ke kālepa kino. ʻO Alveoli he mau pūpū e like me nā hua waina, e pili ana i nā papa hana. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia alina i ka puka liʻiliʻi e wehe ai i ka papa holoʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, aia nā poho microscopic (pores) ma luna o kaʻili o kēlā me kēia alveolus, kahi e kamaʻilio ai me ka mea e pili kokoke ana i ka'āpana. Hoʻopiliʻia ko lākou mau paia me kahi epithelium ākea. ʻO ka alveoli kekahi pūnaeweleʻelua: nā macrophages, nā meaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe e komo i loko o ka'ōmiko ma o ka'ōpana hanu, a me nā pūnaewele e huahua i ka lolo - kahi mea ola honua nui.